San Bernardino County, California Short-Term Rental Regulations: A 2026 Guide For Airbnb Hosts

Do you own a place in San Bernardino County, California and you're weighing whether to put it on Airbnb or Vrbo? Well, the good news is that the county still issues short-term rental permits in 2026, and the permit cap that hung over the mountain and desert communities for the better part of three years never arrived. County staff went looking for the evidence to justify one, didn't find enough of it outside a single community, and the Board of Supervisors took the report in June 2024. Since then, nothing has changed in the ordinance.

The catch is geography, and it's a bigger catch than it sounds. San Bernardino County covers 20,105 square miles and holds 24 incorporated cities, and the county's short-term rental permit only exists in unincorporated territory, and then only in the Mountain and Desert Regions. Own a house in unincorporated Bloomington or Muscoy down in the Valley and there's no nightly rental to apply for. Own one inside Big Bear Lake, Yucca Valley or Twentynine Palms and you answer to that city instead, on its own fee schedule and its own tax rate.

So let's walk through what it takes to do this properly in the parts of the county where it's allowed: which regions qualify, what the permit costs and how long it takes, the inspection and the neighbor notice you can't skip, the 7% tax and who collects it, and what happens when Code Enforcement picks up the phone. Every figure below comes from the county's own code, its permit pages or the state's, checked in July 2026, and where a number is still moving I've said so. Before you spend $1,144 on an application, run the property through BNBCalc first.

What are Short-Term Rental (Airbnb, VRBO) Regulations in San Bernardino County, California?

That geography question is the first one to settle, because it decides whether the rest of this guide applies to you at all. Three different answers are possible, and which one you get depends entirely on who governs your address. An incorporated city runs its own program, unincorporated Valley land offers no nightly rental to apply for, and only unincorporated Mountain and Desert land carries the county permit. The county says so plainly on its own program site, which states that short-term rentals are only allowed in the Mountain and Desert Regions.

The county's housing policy is blunter still. Housing Element Program 4, the program that set the whole study in motion, says that in the Valley region private homes and ADUs must be rented for a term longer than 30 days.

Assuming your parcel sits in the right region, the rules you'll then be living under come from Chapter 84.28 of the San Bernardino County Code, the Short-Term Residential Rentals chapter of the Development Code. It's been on the books since Ordinance 4011 in 2007 and has been amended six times since, most recently by Ordinance 4439 in 2022. Section 84.28.020 sets the boundary that matters most: "short-term" means 30 consecutive calendar days or less, so a booking of 31 nights isn't a short-term rental and isn't governed by any of this.

Not every roof qualifies, either. On the county's program page the permitted list runs to single-family homes, duplexes, individual rooms, guest houses, condominiums and some accessory units, while apartments, yurts, travel trailers and RVs are out. Section 84.28.040 hardens that into three limits worth checking before you get attached to a plan:

• One permit per parcel under 2 acres, two if the parcel is 2 acres or larger. Each legal dwelling unit on the parcel needs its own permit, so a house plus a permitted guest house is two applications, not one.
• Two permits per owner, full stop. Anyone who already held more than two when the ordinance took effect can keep renewing them as a legal nonconforming use, but nobody's building a portfolio of five county permits from here.
• An individual apartment inside a multi-family project is never eligible, no matter how the parcel is zoned or who owns the building.

Occupancy is set by bedroom count rather than square footage, and the county verifies the bedroom count against Assessor data and its own building records instead of taking your word for it. Section 84.28.060 lays out the ladder, and then puts a ceiling over the top of it:

Bedrooms	Maximum overnight occupants
Studio or 1 bedroom	4
2 bedrooms	6
3 bedrooms	8
4 bedrooms	10
5 or more bedrooms	12

Kitchens, dens, dining areas, halls and lofts don't count as bedrooms for this, and 12 is an absolute cap however many bedrooms you have. Parking narrows it further, since every vehicle belonging to your guests has to fit on the property, and in the Mountain Region that means keeping the driveway clear of snow rather than letting cars spill onto the road.

Starting a Short-Term Rental Business in San Bernardino County

Once you know your parcel qualifies and how many guests it can legally hold, the next question is whether anyone's actually making money out there, and the county has done more homework on that than most jurisdictions ever bother with. Its consultants counted the market community by community in the May 2024 technical memorandum on Housing Element Program 4, and the concentration is striking. Over 3,800 of them sat in three communities alone. Big Bear City held 1,400 plus another 428 in Sugarloaf, Lake Arrowhead 951 and Joshua Tree 1,082, while Crestline added 278 and Homestead Valley 295.

What those counts mean locally varies enormously, and that's the part that should shape where you buy. In Lake Arrowhead the rentals are 8% of the housing stock and in Crestline 4%, both of which the county read as unremarkable in a region that's been a second-home area since the 1900s.

Joshua Tree is the exception. There they're 29%, and the memo's conclusion singles that community out. Clear empirical data was not found that short-term rentals substantially affect long-term housing in most unincorporated Mountain and East Desert communities, yet the factors in aggregate do support a finding that they're hurting the ownership and rental market in Joshua Tree specifically.

The numbers behind that are stark. Vacation and second homes there went from around 2% to 5% of the stock through 2012 to 21% by 2022, and year-round rental occupancy fell to a record low of 26%.

Do keep that in mind when you're picking a community, because it's the one place in the county where the political case for a cap is already written and sourced by the county's own consultants. Nothing has been adopted since. The county's short-term rental announcements page carries nothing later than June 2024, and Chapter 84.28 contains no numeric cap today. Still, a jurisdiction that has already published a finding of harm in one community is a different risk than one that hasn't, and I'd underwrite a Joshua Tree purchase with that in mind rather than assume the quiet lasts forever.

If your property sits inside a city rather than unincorporated land, none of the county's numbers apply and you're starting over.

The City of Big Bear Lake runs the busiest program in the county. Registration is annual and starts at $635, you hand over a combined 13% of gross receipts every month across the city's occupancy tax and its tourism district assessment, and you or your agent has to pass an annual certification exam at 100% before you can operate.

Neighboring markets in the state look nothing alike either, so the California statewide guide is the place to start on the wider picture, while the Placer County guide covers the closest comparison to Big Bear anywhere in California, which is the Tahoe basin.

Short-Term Rental Licensing Requirement in San Bernardino County

Say you've settled on a community and a parcel that clears the limits.

The permit runs through EZ Online Permitting at ezop.sbcounty.gov, and the county's Getting Started page sets the fees, which changed on July 1, 2025. As of July 2026 a new application is $1,144, made up of a $600 application fee, a $285 permit fee and a $259 charge for notifying surrounding property owners. Renewal with nothing changed is $550.

Change something physical and renewal is $885; change your property manager or your occupancy and it's $859; change both and you're back at $1,144. Installing an outdoor noise monitoring device earns a one-time $150 credit once the county verifies it, and a modification outside the renewal cycle can run $60.

The sequence matters more than the total, because two separate clocks run before anyone hands you a permit. Staff review the application for about a week, then invoice you, then mail a notice to every surrounding property owner. Section 84.28.050 gives those neighbors 20 calendar days to comment, and an exterior inspection happens in the same window. Minor violations found on inspection get you 30 days to correct them, while some findings deny the application outright. Then, after approval, a 30-day appeal period runs, and the permit only becomes effective on the first business day after it closes.

That appeal period is not decoration. Under the same section, a non-applicant, meaning a neighbor, can appeal the granting of a new permit on the grounds that past use of the property broke the occupancy, parking or operating rules, or that the proposed use likely won't comply. If the neighbor wins, your application is deemed denied and that's the county's final decision, with no further administrative appeal available. So if the last owner ran the house badly, be aware that the history follows the address rather than the person.

Permits run for one year and renew annually, and renewal is not automatic: you have to pass the renewal inspection and still meet every operating condition. Miss the renewal payment and a delinquent fee attaches, the rental has to stop until you've paid it, and at 45 calendar days past expiration the permit is gone. At that point you're filing a new application at the new-application price, notice period and all. Just put the expiry date in your calendar with a month of margin, because that's a $594 mistake at minimum.

Two more limits catch people out. A permit is not transferable, so a buyer inherits the house and not the right to rent it. There's one narrow bridge: a new owner who applies within 30 days of taking title can keep operating while the application is pending, as long as the property was permitted before and carries no outstanding violations. And a revoked permit locks the parcel out: Section 84.28.100 bars any new application for 12 months after a revocation becomes final.

Required Documents for San Bernardino County Short-Term Rentals

Since none of those fees come back if the application fails, it's worth getting the file right the first time. The application form is short, and Section 84.28.050 spells out what it has to carry:

• Property owner name and contact details, plus the applicant's if they're different.
• The address and Assessor's parcel number for the dwelling unit.
• Total square footage, and the total number of bedrooms to be used for overnight sleeping. Remember that the county checks this against Assessor and building records, so a converted den you've been calling a fourth bedroom will surface here rather than later.
• The name of the managing agency, agent or property manager if that isn't you, with a phone number that reaches a human 24 hours a day.
• A signed acknowledgement that you understand the operating rules and agree to run the property under them.
• The fee, and a willingness to pay for additional inspections or enforcement if the county needs them.

A second set of documents never touches the application at all, yet has to exist inside the house before your first guest arrives. Section 84.28.070 wants the county-issued permit posted on or beside the front door, alongside an exit and evacuation map. Then a further notice goes up somewhere prominent, carrying ten specific items: the property address, the 24-hour contact, the maximum occupants and vehicles, the snow removal contact, trash instructions, utility shut-off locations, local emergency numbers, and a property boundary map so guests don't wander onto a neighbor's land. On top of those, the county's "Being a Good Neighbor" brochure has to be in the unit as well.

You also have to register each guest party before they move in, walking at least one adult renter through the rules and the penalties, and keeping their signed acknowledgement for the term of the permit.

On top of that, keep a written log of every complaint you receive, what you did about it and when it was resolved, because Code Enforcement can ask for it and it's the only evidence you'll have that you responded properly. Advertising carries its own duty, since every listing has to state the maximum permitted occupants and vehicles, and advertising a property whose permit is pending, suspended or revoked is itself a violation.

One last piece of paperwork sits outside the permit entirely. Before you take a booking you need a Transient Occupancy Registration Certificate from the Tax Collector, which is a separate registration from the STR permit, and the county code is careful to say that the certificate "does not constitute a permit." You need both.

San Bernardino County Short-Term Rental Taxes

Assuming you clear all that and are able to start hosting, there's still tax to sort out, though this is mercifully the simplest layer in the whole guide. California levies no state occupancy tax at all, so unlike Arizona or Florida there's no second government stacked on top. Revenue and Taxation Code § 7280 simply authorizes any city or county to tax stays of 30 days or less, with no cap on the rate, and leaves the rest to local government.

Charge	Rate	Collected by
Uniform Transient Occupancy Tax (unincorporated county)	7% of rent	San Bernardino County Tax Collector
California Tourism Assessment	Accommodations self-assessment	California Office of Tourism
State and federal income tax on the profit	Ordinary rates	FTB and IRS

The bottom two rows are the small ones. The tourism assessment is a statewide self-assessment on accommodations revenue under the Tourism Marketing Act, filed with the California Office of Tourism rather than through any platform, and since the published rate schedule is old I'd confirm the current figure with them before you file. Profit on the rental is ordinary taxable income, which the Franchise Tax Board treats like any other rental income for residents and nonresidents alike.

The 7% comes from County Code § 14.0203, which sets the tax at "seven percent of the rent charged by the operator" for occupancy of 30 consecutive calendar days or less. That same section makes you register with the Tax Collector within 30 days of starting up, post the certificate you get back somewhere conspicuous in the unit, hold the money in trust until you pay it over, and keep the records for three years. Returns are quarterly. They're due on or before the last day of the month after each calendar quarter closes.

Filing changed recently, and paper returns no longer work at all. The Auditor-Controller/Treasurer/Tax Collector's office launched TouristExpress on July 1, 2025, opened host accounts on July 14 that year, and every submission and payment now runs through it, with (909) 387-8308 as the line to call when the portal argues with you.

So who actually collects the 7%? That depends on how the money moves, since Section 84.28.110 makes a hosting platform the owner's agent for tax purposes when it collects payment for the rental, and squarely responsible for paying the county. Where a platform doesn't collect payment, the owner is on the hook alone.

In practice that means Airbnb collects 7% of gross receipts including cleaning fees on unincorporated San Bernardino County reservations of 30 nights or shorter, and hands it over for you. I couldn't verify Vrbo's collection status for this county from any source I could open, so if you list there, do check your remittance obligation directly with the Tax Collector rather than assuming it's handled.

Getting that wrong compounds quickly. Section 14.0203 adds a 10% penalty the moment a remittance is late, another 10% if it's still unpaid 30 days later, 25% on top where the county finds fraud, and interest at half a percent a month running from the original delinquency. The Tax Collector can also record a lien on any real property you own in the county, and a lien filed under that section carries the force of a judgment lien for ten years.

California Wide Short-Term Rental Rules

That absence of a state occupancy tax is part of a wider pattern, and it's why a California guide reads so differently from a New York or Florida one. California has no statewide short-term rental permit, no state registry, and no preemption statute stopping a city or county from regulating however it likes. Cities and counties act under their police power, so every substantive number a host cares about is local. What the state does instead is fence the edges.

The most useful fence for an owner is on penalties, because Government Code § 25132(e) caps county fines for short-term rental ordinance violations at $1,500 for a first, $3,000 for a second within a year and $5,000 for additional violations within that year. Those upper tiers only apply where a violation threatens public health or safety, and the county has to offer a hardship waiver on top. San Bernardino County's own fine schedule sits underneath those ceilings, though it rises automatically if the Legislature ever raises them.

Three more state rules change what you can legally list:

• HOAs can shut you down even though the county would permit you. Civil Code § 4741(c) lets a common interest development prohibit rentals of 30 days or less, even though it can't ban longer rentals. In the mountain communities, where condominium and cabin associations are common, this catches more owners than the county code does.
• ADUs depend on how they were approved. Government Code § 66323(e) requires that ADUs approved under that section be rented for terms longer than 30 days, and AB 1154, chaptered in 2025, extends the same floor to junior ADUs. The county will permit "some" accessory dwelling units as short-term rentals, so make sure you check which approval pathway your unit came through before you count on the income.
• Platforms owe you disclosures, and owe your guests a real price. Under Business and Professions Code § 22592 a hosting platform has to warn hosts that listing may breach their lease and that their insurance may not cover the use, and since July 1, 2024, § 17568.6 has required advertised nightly rates to include every mandatory fee except government taxes.

One newer statute is worth tracking even though it changes nothing here yet. The Short-Term Rental Facilitator Act of 2025, signed as SB 346 and effective January 1, 2026, lets a local agency adopt an ordinance requiring platforms to report each rental's physical address and to carry local license numbers and tax certification in the listing. It's opt-in, and I found no sign San Bernardino County has adopted one.

If you want to see how differently two California counties can use the same freedom, the Sonoma County guide and the San Mateo County guide sit at opposite ends of it. Mind you, San Bernardino County can already subpoena that listing data straight from the platforms under Section 84.28.080, so the practical gap is smaller than it looks.

Does San Bernardino County Strictly Enforce STR Rules?

A county that writes subpoena powers into its rental ordinance is not one that plans to ignore them, so yes. What's telling is where all that machinery points, because almost all of it is aimed at neighbor complaints rather than at unlicensed listings. The county runs a 24/7 complaint hotline on 1-833-SBC-STR1 (1-833-722-7871) plus an online complaint portal, and its published enforcement process walks a complaint through investigation, contact with the owner or manager, a determination by Code Enforcement, and an appeal to a hearing officer.

Still, the response window is where most owners get exposed, because Section 84.28.070 wants you or your agent reachable by phone around the clock, in contact within 30 minutes, and standing at the property within one hour.

Within that same hour you have to confirm whether the complaint is valid and, if it is, take corrective action for the rest of the guest's stay, which the ordinance says may mean evicting them and calling law enforcement to remove them and their vehicles. Unless you live nearby, that requirement alone is what forces most owners into a local management company.

The fines are set by County Code § 11.0208, and the two tiers behave very differently:

• Operating without a permit: $1,000 per violation, per day. It accrues until you tell the county the violation has stopped and Code Enforcement confirms it, so an unpermitted rental left running through a summer isn't a fine, it's a mortgage.
• A permitted rental breaking the rules: $1,000, then $2,000, then $5,000, for a first, second and third citation within any 12-month period.

And unlike the second line, the first one has no ceiling.

Pay late and it gets worse, since a payment landing within 30 days of the due date adds a 50% late fee, and anything later adds another 50% of the original fine on top. Appealing costs money up front too: you have 20 calendar days to file, and the notice of appeal has to arrive with a cashier's check for the full penalty, though a hardship waiver exists if you can't fund the deposit.

Beyond fines, the permit itself is the bigger stick. Section 84.28.090 lets the county suspend a permit for any failure to comply with a notice of violation, and a suspended property can't operate at all while the suspension stands. Revocation follows when the underlying problem isn't fixed within 60 days, when it recurs within 12 months, or when a permit is suspended twice inside 24 months.

And the county can serve an administrative subpoena on a hosting platform for the address, host name, length of stay and price paid for every listing in unincorporated territory, which is how a listing without a permit number gets found in the first place.

How to Start a Short-Term Rental Business in San Bernardino County

Given how much of that lands before you ever take a booking, the order you work in decides how much of it you pay for twice. The early steps are cheap and tell you whether the expensive ones are worth starting.

1. Confirm the jurisdiction before anything else. Unincorporated Mountain or Desert Region and you're in the county program. Inside a city, or in the unincorporated Valley, and this guide's numbers don't apply to you.
2. Check the parcel limits and your own permit count. One permit under 2 acres, two at 2 acres or more, and never more than two permits across everything you own.
3. Read your HOA rules and your title documents. California lets an association ban rentals of 30 days or less outright, and no county permit overrides that.
4. Count the bedrooms the way the Assessor does, then set your listing occupancy from the ladder in Section 84.28.060 rather than from how many people the house sleeps.
5. Fix the exterior before you apply. The inspection is an exterior one, minor issues buy you 30 days, and some findings deny the application outright.
6. Apply through EZ Online Permitting and pay the $1,144. Then wait out the 20-day neighbor comment window and the 30-day appeal period. Budget roughly two months from submission to an effective permit.
7. Register separately with the Tax Collector for a Transient Occupancy Registration Certificate, and set up a TouristExpress account for quarterly filing.
8. Install the postings on day one: permit and evacuation map at the front door, the ten-item notice, the Good Neighbor brochure, and the guest registration pack with its signed acknowledgement.
9. Line up 30-minute, one-hour coverage through a local manager or a neighbor you trust, and start the complaint log the day you list.
10. Diarize the renewal. One year, and the permit dies 45 days after expiry, which puts you back at the full new-application fee.

Who to Contact in San Bernardino County about Short-Term Rental Regulations and Zoning?

Whichever of those steps stalls, two county departments handle nearly all of it between them, and knowing which one owns your question saves a long hold.

Permits, inspections, complaints and enforcement

The Code Enforcement Division of San Bernardino County Land Use Services runs the short-term rental program end to end.

• Valley office: 268 W. Hospitality Lane, Suite 300, San Bernardino, CA 92415-0185
• High Desert office: 15900 Smoke Tree St., Suite 131, Hesperia, CA 92345
• Low Desert office: 63665 Twentynine Palms Highway, Joshua Tree, CA 92252
• Phone: (909) 884-4056
• Hours: Monday to Friday, 8:00 am to 4:30 pm
• Program email: [email protected], for application status, permit updates, and questions about a notice or citation
• 24/7 complaint hotline: 1-833-SBC-STR1 (1-833-722-7871)

Send the email rather than calling for anything about an application in flight, since the county asks for status questions, permit updates and citation questions in writing at that address.

Transient occupancy tax

The Auditor-Controller/Treasurer/Tax Collector owns registration, the certificate and the quarterly returns, and has nothing to do with your permit.

• Address: 268 West Hospitality Lane, First Floor, San Bernardino, CA 92415-0360
• TOT and TouristExpress support: (909) 387-8308
• General office: (909) 387-8322, Fourth Floor, 92415-0018

The official text of the ordinance

American Legal's copy of the county code is unofficial by its own disclaimer. For a certified current version of Chapter 84.28 or Section 14.0203, the Clerk of the Board of Supervisors holds it at the County Government Center, 385 North Arrowhead Avenue, 2nd Floor, San Bernardino, CA 92415-0130. Worth doing if you're litigating a citation rather than just reading up.

What Do Airbnb Hosts in San Bernardino County on Reddit and Bigger Pockets Think about Local Regulations?

Most owners never get anywhere near that counter, thankfully. What they argue about is the day-to-day, and unlike most counties, San Bernardino left a written record of what its residents and owners actually said. I couldn't reach Reddit or BiggerPockets threads directly for this refresh, so rather than characterize discussions I haven't read, what follows draws on the county's own outreach record inside the May 2024 memo, plus my read of the recurring themes. Weigh it accordingly.

• Turnout tracked saturation, not population. The county held four meetings in August and September 2023. Joshua Tree drew 130 people, Crestline and Twin Peaks 60 each, Big Bear 50, with roughly 300 attendees in total and nearly 200 emailed comments on top. The community with 29% of its housing in short-term rentals produced more than double the turnout of anywhere else, which tells you where the pressure actually sits.
• Residents wanted a moratorium, and asked in writing. The Morongo Basin Conservation Association's December 2023 comment letter requested both a moratorium and a cap, and pushed the county for community-level data. That letter, and the 2022 Census release that landed at the same time, is why the final findings differ from the November 2023 draft.
• The displacement claim didn't survive verification. The county contacted property managers, schools and service providers named by commenters, and reports that this yielded no information or confirmations that short-term rentals are directly responsible for displacing long-term renters or driving the rent increases. That finding is what killed the countywide cap, and owners in the mountain communities lean on it heavily.
• Owner frustration clusters on operations, not on legality. From what I can tell, the recurring complaints are about the 30-minute and one-hour response duty, the neighbor notification fee that lands every time a property manager changes, and the fact that a neighbor can appeal a permit you've already paid for. None of that is about whether hosting is allowed.

Take the last two together and you get the honest picture of this county: it's an open market with a heavy compliance load, run by a department that answers a hotline all night. That combination punishes absentee ownership far more than it punishes anyone else.

Whether the numbers justify the load is a separate question, and it's the one to settle before you file. The permit, the tax registration and the response duty are fixed costs regardless of what the property clears, so the California market is worth checking against a Big Bear or Joshua Tree purchase price before the $1,144 leaves your account. If you're comparing counties, the Solano County guide covers a jurisdiction with a much lighter touch and much thinner nightly demand, which is the trade running underneath all of this.

Frequently Asked Questions

Can you legally run an Airbnb in San Bernardino County in 2026?

Yes, in unincorporated parts of the county's Mountain and Desert Regions, with a Short-Term Residential Rental permit from Code Enforcement under Chapter 84.28 of the county code. Unincorporated Valley communities can't do it at all, because private homes and ADUs there must be rented for terms longer than 30 days. Inside any of the county's 24 incorporated cities, including Big Bear Lake, Yucca Valley and Twentynine Palms, the city's own program applies instead of the county's.

How much does a San Bernardino County short-term rental permit cost?

A new application is $1,144 under the fee schedule effective July 1, 2025, made up of a $600 application fee, a $285 permit fee and a $259 surrounding-owner notification fee. Renewal with no changes is $550 a year. Renewal costs $885 with physical changes, $859 with management or occupancy changes, and $1,144 with both. Installing an outdoor noise monitoring device earns a one-time $150 credit.

What is the transient occupancy tax on a short-term rental in unincorporated San Bernardino County?

7% of the rent, under County Code § 14.0203, on any stay of 30 consecutive calendar days or less. Operators register with the Tax Collector within 30 days of starting, post the registration certificate in the unit, and file quarterly returns through TouristExpress, due by the last day of the month after each quarter ends. Airbnb collects and remits the 7% on bookings it processes. Incorporated cities charge their own rates instead, from 9% in Twentynine Palms to 12% in Yucca Valley.

How many guests can a San Bernardino County short-term rental sleep?

Occupancy runs off bedroom count: four for a studio or one-bedroom, six for two bedrooms, eight for three, ten for four and twelve for five or more. Twelve is an absolute ceiling however large the house is. The county verifies bedroom counts against Assessor data and its own building records, and every guest vehicle has to park on the property, which can lower the practical limit below the permitted one.

What happens if you rent without a permit in San Bernardino County?

An administrative citation of $1,000 per violation, per day, accruing until you report the violation abated and Code Enforcement confirms it. A permitted rental that breaks the rules faces $1,000, then $2,000, then $5,000 for a first, second and third citation within 12 months. Paying late adds a 50% fee, and appealing means filing within 20 calendar days with a cashier's check for the full penalty, unless you qualify for a hardship waiver.

Last verified: July 2026. Every ordinance, tax rate, state law, and contact detail in this guide links to or comes from its official source.